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What is inactivation
"Inactivation" means killing the living cells or living organisms (such as viruses) of microorganisms by physical or chemical methods, so that they no longer have the ability to grow and reproduce, but still maintain the cell shape. The earliest "inactivation" was used for the preparation of vaccine, mainly to kill the pathogenic bacteria of people or animals, so that they can no longer infect people and animals, or no longer produce toxins, but still have immunogenicity, which can stimulate people and animals to produce immune responses. The application of "inactivation" method in the development of probiotic preparations is a major breakthrough in probiotic product technology and a major turning point in the field of product application.
Why use inactivated bacteria
In order to maintain the activity of probiotics and resist the killing effect of environmental factors, engineers and technicians often use packaging technology, supplemented by the whole cold chain. The yoghurt we often see in supermarkets is concentrated in the cold storage area to provide a low temperature environment, maintain the activity of probiotics, and prevent the product from further fermentation.
Probiotics associated with human and animal intestines are very sensitive to low temperature (refrigeration temperature of refrigerator is 4 ℃), high temperature, stomach acid, bile, dryness, radiation and oxygen, and are easy to lose activity. Therefore, active probiotic products will continue to suffer from bacterial death during storage, transportation, shelf life, etc. Surviving living bacteria enter the human intestinal tract, about 70% of them die in the stomach (stomach acid), and a small amount of remaining bacteria enter the intestinal tract about 13 meters long. The whole process has led to various problems such as unstable effective ingredients and unreliable use effect. The living bacteria that can reach the intestinal tract will not survive for more than 2 weeks in the human intestinal tract. Therefore, its effect belongs to a dose of intestine clearing agent.
After the inactivated bacteria enter the human body, they can be used as "food" for probiotics in the human body, and can promote the proliferation of macrophages in the human body. It can also be absorbed by all capillaries and lymph, and infiltrated into all corners of the human body through blood vessels, thus having the effect of significantly enhancing the human body''s own immunity.
Functions of inactivated bacteria
The study found that, during the appropriate growth period of probiotics, the bacteria cells were inactivated by appropriate methods, and the integrity of the cells was maintained even though the cells no longer had biological activity (growth and reproduction). If gram staining is performed, it is still normal blue. At the same time, the following functions are retained:
(1) Inactivated bacteria can adhere to human and animal intestinal epithelial cells, form biofilms, compete and repel pathogenic bacteria, thus effectively protecting the intestinal tract;
(2) Inactivated bacteria and their metabolites can directly kill pathogenic microorganisms;
(3) Inactivated bacteria are rich in B vitamins, which can stimulate the growth of acid producing microorganisms inherent in the intestine, such as lactic acid bacteria, so as to adjust the intestinal microecological balance;
(4) Inactivated bacteria have good regulating effect on non-specific immunity of intestinal mucosa;
(5) Inactivated bacteria can adsorb mycotoxins in food very closely and be rapidly discharged from the body, thus improving the safety of food.
Inactivated probiotics have the following advantages compared with active probiotics
(1) The inactivated probiotics are not affected by environmental changes, do not need cold chain and special protection, and can reach the intestinal tract with high concentration and unimpeded;
(2) It can be used together with antibiotics and has synergistic effect. Therefore, during the period of receiving antibiotics, you can take more inactivated bacteria to help protect the stability of intestinal microecology;
(3) It is very safe and will not lead to phage pollution outbreak. It is continuously effective, more stable in character, and more safe for humans and animals. Even the patients with immune deficiency, pregnant women and children can safely choose and take it for a long time;
(4) After inactivation, it also has competitive repulsion, and has stronger ability to adsorb mycotoxin.
Use of inactivated bacteria
It can be made into probiotic solid drink to protect human gastrointestinal health, improve constipation, diarrhea, poor appetite, indigestion, malabsorption, and improve female vaginitis.
It can help children, the elderly, sub healthy people and people with diseases to quickly regulate intestinal function and comprehensively enhance the body immunity.
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